ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o nā ʻano kila kuhili ʻole

ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion o ke kila kila ma muli o ka chromium, akā no ka mea ʻo chromium kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ke kila, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano pale.Ke piʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka chromium i 10.5%, piʻi nui ke kūʻē ʻana o ka corrosion o ke kila, akā inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka chromium, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ʻaʻole maopopo.ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kila me ka chromium e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka oxide o ka ʻili i kahi oxide ili e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka metala chromium maʻemaʻe.Mālama kēia chromium-rich oxide paʻa i ka ʻili mai ka hoʻoneʻe hou ʻana.He lahilahi loa kēia ʻāpana oxide, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka luster maoli o ka ʻili kila, e hāʻawi ana i ke kila kila i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa.Eia kekahi, inā e pōʻino ka papa honua, e hana ka ʻili kila i ʻike ʻia me ka lewa e hoʻoponopono iā ia iho, e hana hou i kēia oxide "passivation film", a hoʻomau i ka hana pale.No laila, he ʻano maʻamau nā mea kila kila a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chromium ma luna o 10.5%.Ma waho aʻe o ka chromium, nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia he nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, copper, nitrogen, etc., e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā hoʻohana like ʻole no ka hoʻolālā a me nā waiwai o ke kila kila.
ʻO 304 kahi kila kuhili ʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi (ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka formability).
Hōʻike ʻo 301 stainless steel i ke ʻano hana paʻakikī i ka wā deformation, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO 302 stainless steel he ʻano like ʻole o 304 stainless steel me ka ʻike kalapona kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻōwili anu.
ʻO 302B kahi ʻano kila kila me ka ʻike silika kiʻekiʻe, he kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO 303 a me 303S e he mau kila kila ʻokiʻoki manuahi i loaʻa ka sulfur a me ka selenium, kēlā me kēia, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kahi e koi nui ʻia ai ka ʻoki manuahi a me ka hoʻopau kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo 303Se stainless steel e hana i nā ʻāpana e koi ai i ka huhū wela, no ka mea ma lalo o kēia mau ʻano, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia kila kila.
ʻO 304L kahi ʻano kalapona haʻahaʻa o 304 kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi e koi ʻia ai ka wili.ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka ua carbide ma kahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela ma kahi kokoke i ka weld, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka corrosion intergranular (weld erosion) o ke kila kila ma kekahi mau kaiapuni.
ʻO 304N he kila kila kila, a hoʻohui ʻia ka nitrogen e hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke kila.
ʻO 305 a me 384 mau kila kila kila he nickel kiʻekiʻe a he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka hana, no laila kūpono lākou i nā noi like ʻole e koi ana i ka formability kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 308 stainless steel e hana i nā electrodes.
ʻO 309, 310, 314 a me 330 mau mea kila kila he mea kiʻekiʻe, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa oxidation a me ka ikaika kolo o ke kila ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela.ʻO 30S5 a me 310S nā ʻano like ʻole o 309 a me 310 stainless steel, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ua o nā carbide kokoke i ka weld.ʻO 330 kila kila ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe loa i ka carburization a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela.
ʻO nā ʻano 316 a me 317 mau kila kila i loko o ka alumini a no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion ma mua o 304 mau kila kila ma ka moana a me ka ʻoihana kemika.Ma waena o lākou, 316 mau ʻano ʻano kila kuhili ʻole he kila kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 316L , ke kila kila kila 316N, a me ke kila kuhili ʻoki manuahi 316F me ka maʻi sulfur kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO 321, 347 a me 348 he kila kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka titanium, ka niobium me ka tantalum a me ka niobium i kēlā me kēia, i kūpono no nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO 348 kahi ʻano kila kila kūpono no ka ʻoihana mana nuklea, aia kekahi mau palena i ka nui o ka tantalum a me ke daimana.