ʻOi aku ma mua o 1.5 biliona tons o ke kila i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole, e like me nā nila humuhumu a me nā kaola hoʻolālā no nā skyscrapers.ʻO ke kila kila ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kila kila, e helu ana ma kahi o 85% o nā hana a pau o US.Aia ka maʻi kalapona o ka huahana i ka 0-2%.Hoʻopilikia kēia kalapona i ka microstructure o ke kila, hāʻawi iā ia i kona ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.Loaʻa i kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka manganese, silikon a me ke keleawe.ʻO ke kila maʻemaʻe ka hua'ōlelo kālepa no ke kila māmā me kahi mea kalapona ma ka laulā o 0.04-0.3%.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kalapona e like me ke ʻano kemika a me nā waiwai o ka huahana.Hāʻule ke kila māmā i loko o ke kila māmā no ka mea he like kona ʻano kalapona.ʻAʻole i loko o ke kila kalapona maʻamau nā ʻāpana a hiki ke māhele ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻāpana:
1. Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa
He 0.04-0.3% ke kila maʻemaʻe a ʻo ia ka pae maʻamau o ke kila kalapona.Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kila maʻemaʻe e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kalapona o 0.05-0.25%.ʻO ke kila māmā he ductile, malleable loa a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana kino kaʻa, nā lau a me nā huahana uea.Ma ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka pae kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ka 1.5% manganese, kūpono nā waiwai mechanical no nā stampings, forgings, seamless tubes a me nā papa paila.
2. Medium carbon steel
Loaʻa i nā mea kalapona kalapona ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona ma ka laulā o 0.31-0.6% a me kahi ʻano manganese i ka laulā o 0.6-1.65%.Hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia kila a kinai ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka microstructure a me nā waiwai mechanical.ʻO nā noi kaulana nā axles, axles, gears, rail a me nā huila kaʻaahi.
3. Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe he 0.6-1% a me kahi manganese o 0.3-0.9%.ʻO nā waiwai o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe e kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he pūnāwai a me ka uea ikaika kiʻekiʻe.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau huahana ke ʻole ke kaʻina hana wela wela i loko o ke kaʻina hana welding.Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana, ka uwea ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā pūnāwai.
4. Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa he 1.25-2% ka nui o ke kalapona a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he mau mea hoʻokolohua.Hoʻopuka ka Tempering i ke kila paʻakikī, pono ia no nā noi e like me nā pahi, axles a i ʻole nā kuʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2022